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Create .htaccess file: Tips & Tricks

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Category: Apache
Last Updated on Saturday, 07 January 2012 04:25
Published on Monday, 03 October 2011 17:04
Hits: 276
.htaccess files under Apache can add or modify configuration elements of the HTTP server to a directory as the files and subdirectories it contains.
Among the most common uses of a file .htaccess we can mention:
  • Directory access management.
  • Redirection management.
  • url rewriting
  • And many other ...
.htaccess files are invisible and inaccessible to visitors and can be nested in the tree site.

Example of directory tree and .htaccess

Example of directory tree and .htaccess Nesting .htaccess files allow to define custom settings on multiple levels of directories depending on the architecture of the site.

Important
Directory protection applies to the protected directory and any contents.

.htaccess file creation under Unix/Linux

Under Unix/Linux environment, create a file with a name like .htaccess does not cause any particular concern and is the same way as any other text file.

To create an empty file in the shell. In the directory you want, enter the command:
touch .htaccess

.htaccess file creation under Windows

An old legend says that it is not possible to create a "no name" file on Windows. The files are defined as follows: file_name.extension, but, a .htaccess file for some text editors under Windows, when it recorded, will be interpreted as having only extension, wether a mistake of the user.
Softwares like Eclispe, for example, allow the creation of such files without any special handling.
To create a file with Notepad or Wordpad for example:
  • Open Notepad or Wordpad
  • Click on Save as...
  • Enter ".htaccess" (well mention the quotes because that is what permit to save the desired file name) then click on Save.

Secure access to a .htaccess file on Unix/Linux, CHMOD

With operating systems Unix / Linux comes a function chmod that allow to manage restrictions on access directories and files based on user level, public, groupe or owner the actions read, write et execute.
In order to best protect access to your .htaccess file, must be given all rights to its owner and allow read-only for public and group.

In the directory where your .htaccess file enter the command:
chmod 644 .htaccess

Secure access to a .htaccess file on Windows, NTFS

On Windows, the system of protection of files and directories differs from that used by Unix/Linux. There is no function chmod. In most cases you can spend step protection of the .htaccess file.
However, if you want to know more about protecting files with Windows, please see the following article: permissions ntfs or tool to modify NTFS permissions Xcacls.vbs.

Secure access to a .htaccess file on Unix/Linux, FileZilla

filezilla htaccess menu contextuel filezilla htaccess permissions You create a .htaccess file on Windows and after FTP upload at your host Unix/Linux you want to change the permissions for your file.
Here's what to do with FileZilla:

Access to a invisible .htaccess with FileZilla

filezilla htaccess invisible It is possible that some hosts or some directories, the .htaccess file is not visible from the list of files in FileZilla. To enable access to these files, simply forcing the display of hidden files.

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